In this blog, we are looking at how to extend Linux disk VMware hyper-v centos/Redhat on the fly live.
Check if you can expand the current disk or require to add a new one.
This is rather a significant step because a disk that has been partitioned into 4 primary divisions already can not be raised anymore. To prevent this, log into your server and run fdisk -l at the command line.
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 187.9 GB, 187904819200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 22844 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 25 200781 83 Linux /dev/sda2 26 2636 20972857+ 8e Linux LVM
If it examines like that, with only 2 sections, you can safely open the current hard disk in the Virtual Machine.
However, if it displays like this:
~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 187.9 GB, 187904819200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 22844 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 25 200781 83 Linux /dev/sda2 26 2636 20972857+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 2637 19581 136110712+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda4 19582 22844 26210047+ 8e Linux LVM
It will offer you that there are already 4 primary sections on the system, and you ought to count a new Virtual Disk to your Virtual Machine. You can always use that extra Virtual Disk to improve your LVM size, so don’t worry.
The “hardware” part, “physically” adding disk space to your VM
Do that in your VMWare / esx / hyper-v console. If the option is greyed out to expand? Add a new disk or shut down the VM and extend the disk as such.
Partitioning the unallocated area: if you’ve raised the disk size
Once you’ve modified the disk’s size in VMware, bounce up your VM too if you had to shut it down to expand the disk size in vSphere. If you’ve rebooted the server, you won’t have to rescan your SCSI machines as that occurs on boot. If you did not reboot your server, rescan your SCSI systems as such.
First, check the name of your scsi devices.
$ ls /sys/class/scsi_device/ 0:0:0:0 1:0:0:0 2:0:0:0
Then rescan the scsi bus. Beneath you can replace the ‘0:0:0:0’ with the actual scsi bus word found with the last command. Each colon is prefixed with a slash, which is what creates it looks weird.
$ echo 1 > /sys/class/scsi_device/0\:0\:0\:0/device/rescan
Partitioning the unallocated space: if you’ve included a new disk
If you’ve included a new disk on the server, the activities are the same to those described above. Either of rescanning an already existing scsi bus like shown earlier, you have to rescan the server to detect the new scsi bus as you’ve included a new disk.
$ ls /sys/class/scsi_host/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Feb 13 02:55 . drwxr-xr-x 39 root root 0 Feb 13 02:57 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Feb 13 02:57 host0
Your host machine is called ‘host0’
$ echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
It won’t show any output, but running ‘fdisk -l’ will display the new disk.
Create the new partition
Once the rescan is done, you can identify if the space can be seen on the disk.
~$ fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 391 3036285 8e Linux LVM
So the host can now visualize the 10GB hard disk.
~$ fdisk /dev/sda The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help): n
Now type ‘n’, to build a new partition.
Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p
Now select “p” to create a further direct partition.
Partition number (1-4): 3
Select your partition number. Since it already had /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2, the logical number would be 3.
First cylinder (392-1305, default 392):Using default value 392 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (392-1305, default 1305): Using default value 1305
The cylinder matters will vary depending on your plan. It should be secure to just hint enter, as fdisk will give you a default value for the first and last cylinder.
Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-4): 3 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): w
Once you get around to the major command within fdisk, type w to report your partitions to the disk. You’ll get a notification about the kernel still utilizing the old partition table, and to reboot to utilize the new table. The reboot is not required as you can even rescan for those partitions using partprobe. Execute the below to scan for the recently created partition.
~$ partprobe -s
If that does not function for you, you can attempt to use “partx” to rescan the machine and add the latest partitions. In the command below, difference /dev/sda to the disk on which you’ve just included a new partition.
~$ partx -v -a /dev/sda
If that even does not offer you the recently completed partition for you to operate, you have to reboot the server.
~$ fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 391 3036285 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 392 1305 7341705 8e Linux LVM
Extend your Logical Volume with the new partition.
Now, assemble the physical volume as a cause for your LVM. Please return /dev/sda3 with the newly built partition.
~$ pvcreate /dev/sda3 Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
Now identify how your Volume Group is called.
~$ vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup00 ...
Let’s give that Volume Group by including the newly built physical volume to it.
$ vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sda3 Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended ~$ pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [2.88 GB / 0 free] PV /dev/sda3 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [7.00 GB / 7.00 GB free] Total: 2 [9.88 GB] / in use: 2 [9.88 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Now we can extend Logical Volume .
~$ lvextend /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /dev/sda3 Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 9.38 GB Logical volume LogVol00 successfully resized
If you’re executing this on Ubuntu, use the following.
~$ lvextend /dev/mapper/vg-name /dev/sda3
All that remains now, is to resize the file system to the volume group, so we can utilize the space. Substitute the path to the correct /dev device if you’re on ubuntu/debian systems.
~$ resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 to 2457600 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is now 2457600 blocks long. $ resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos_sql01-root resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/mapper/centos_sql01-root Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
In that case, you’ll require to improve the XFS partition.
~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 9.1G 1.8G 6.9G 21% / /dev/sda1 99M 18M 77M 19% /boot tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm
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Author - Johnson Augustine
Cloud Architect, Ethical hacker
Founder: Airo Global Software Inc
LinkedIn Profile: www.linkedin.com/in/johnsontaugustine/